International report

Europe’s defence dilemma: autonomy or dependence?

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Europe’s pursuit of “strategic autonomy” has become more urgent than ever. In this edition of The International Report, Jan van der Made examines how the continent’s defence ambitions continue to be both shaped and constrained by reliance on the United States. With insights from experts Bart van den Berg and Guntram Wolff, the programme considers whether Europe can develop the industries and alliances necessary to stand independently in an uncertain world.

Flags of NATO members fly outside the NATO headquarters ahead of NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President Charles Michel signing a joint declaration on NATO-EU Cooperation at NATO headquarters in Brussels, Tuesday, Jan. 10, 2023.
Flags of NATO members fly outside the NATO headquarters ahead of NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President Charles Michel signing a joint declaration on NATO-EU Cooperation at NATO headquarters in Brussels, Tuesday, Jan. 10, 2023. AP - Olivier Matthys
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